Mr. M. H. S Glucose Level - 2132 Words

It was 2 a.m. when Mr. H, a 52 year old man, arrived to the Emergency Department accompanied by his brother complaining of dizziness and hyperglycemia. Upon arrival Mr. H’s glucose level was 500 mg/dl. It was not the first time for Mr. H to visit the Emergency Department complaining of glucose intolerance; he is a regular visitor. In addition to diabetes, Mr. H has a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, vision and respiratory problems. He was treated with insulin and put under supervision for 24 hours. Once his glucose reached normal level, he was given brief instructions and discharged. Mr. H. works as an industrial engineer away from his family and he is busy most of the time. Due to his work, he spends most of the time in the†¦show more content†¦The nurse started to ask Mr. H. some questions about his disease and she discovered that he did not have the minimum knowledge about diabetes or how to control it; he did not even know how to use the glucometer to check his blood glucose level. Mr. H’s nurse was trying hard to convince him to attend diabetic lectures and read to gain the knowledge needed to prevent the consequences of diabetes, but again he used the time to make excuses. In 2003, Mr. H was diagnosed with End Stage Renal Disease. Therefore, he had to go to the dialysis unit three times a week. Due to this problem, he decided to retire so he would be able to go to the dialysis sessions. Mr. H was committed in going to his dialysis session, but still according to him, he could not change his lifestyle and eating habits. Three years later, his physician decided to do peritoneal dialysis for him. Mr. H’s daughter was taught how to perform it for him at home. Mr. H’s conditions started to deteriorate and he went into depression since he became dependent on others to an extent that he did not want to take a bath. Mr. H refused to take his insulin dose and his daughter was worried. In fact, Mr. H was much more worried because he knew that two of his daughters were diagnosed with diabetes and he did not want them to suffer. Mr. H continued to resist taking his insulin dose and other medications. In August 13, 2005, Mr. H presented to the Emergency Department complaining of

Animal Testing And Medical Advancement - 1358 Words

Animal Testing and Medical Advancement Every day, animals such as rabbits, chimpanzees, and mice take part of medical experimentation. â€Å"Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. The United States and Gabon are the only two countries that allow experimentation on chimpanzees.† (The Jane Goodall Institute of Canada). What people don’t understand is that these animals contribute to medical discoveries regarding human health. Animals should be used for medical experimentation because they contribute to many cures and treatments that have saved lives, their genetic material appears to be similar to those of humans, they are similar to human beings in many ways, animals are the only organisms other than humans who we can experiment on, and the animals themselves benefit from the result of animal testing. Animals that are put forward to medical experimentation contribute to cures and treatments that have saved many lives. The California Biomedical Research Association states that â€Å"nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals.† (California Biomedical Research Association). Animals that are used for these tests have contributed incredible discoveries on unimaginable areas starting on Cancer, HIV/AIDS, Heart Disease/Stroke, Diabetes, Birth Defects, and Spinal Cord Injuries. Animal testing has made medical discoveries to go from antibiotics to blood transfusions, fromShow MoreRelated Animal Experimentation: A vital role in medical reasearch Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal experimentation has been and will continue to be a source in scientific research. Similarities between animals and humans allow for researchers to provide safer drugs and new treatments for diseases. (Foundation for Biomedical Research (FBR ), 2008). Animal experiments have provided many positive outcomes in medical advancements that save human and animal lives. However, many people in today’s society have an emotional attachment to animals which fuels opposition to animal experimentationRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesheartbreaking, miserable animals: that is what comes to mind when animal testing is mentioned. While some of it may be true, testing animals for medical reasons is necessary. Animal testing has led to the advancement of medical research and has help device many medicines, it is the reason animal testing is still being used. The fact that experimenting on animals has led to great medical discoveries, does not mean that animal testing is not morally ambiguous. Animal testing has many flaws and reasonsRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understandi ng of the human race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreAnimal Research And Testing : The Importance Of Animal Testing1441 Words   |  6 Pagesevolved, intellectual peoples began to realize the necessity of medical advancements for the survival of the species. Scientific idealists would observe the human body to find cures to illnesses, but due to human morality their ability to further the research often became limited. It was essential for scientists to better understand medical related issues, so they started to perform their hypothesized experiments on specific animals. The data recovered led to a discovery that certa in species’ geneticRead More Biomedical research on animals Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfailure, and lack of medical cures are all very serious problems that are killing people today. How can doctors learn more about these medical difficulties? Through animal testing doctors can obtain valid results regarding these medical problems and create cures for people with many other medical difficulties. The progression of medicine and the day to day life styles of the general population rely on the ethical practice of animal testing. The alternatives to animal testing are not very valid. â€Å"ArtificialRead MoreHow Do The Contributions Of Animal Testing To Global Medical1309 Words   |  6 Pagescontributions of animal testing to global medical science justify whether or not it should be banned? 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Animal rights activists will argue there are new alternatives that there are more accurate than animal testing. The success of trials on animals, has led to the continued use by scientists within the medical field. Additionally, testing on animals instead of humans puts humans out of harmsRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing676 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing In the 1880’s, Louis Pasteur conducted one of the most unpleasant series of animal experiments in the history of the fight against infectious disease. Unable to see the organism that causes rabies with the microscopes available, he convinced a skeptical medical community of the microorganism’s existence and also the possibility of vaccinating against it. He did this by doing work on rabbits and dogs. In 1885, after much heart searching, he tried out his rabies vaccine on a

Task Dependency †Critical Path Free Essays

Dependencies and Network Diagram The network diagram is a schematic representation showing the sequence and relationship/ dependency of the tasks along with their duration. All the tasks, except the first and the last, are linked with at least one predecessor and successor to have a proper sequence of work. This logical dependency between the tasks will determine afterwards the duration of the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Task Dependency – Critical Path or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are four types of dependencies which define the relation between pair tasks Finish-to-start (FS- the second task ‘successor’ can’t begin until the first ’predecessor’ is completed), Finish-to-finish (FF- the completion of the successor depends on the completion of its predecessor), Start-to-start (SS- the start of the successor depends on the start of its predecessor), Start-to-finish (SF- the finish of the successor depends on the start of its predecessor). Critical Path However the duration of the project is meaningless without identifying what is driving the project, why the project takes so long, what possible action is required to shorten the duration or what possible risk may extend the project†¦ Among the set of activities interconnected on the diagram; there is always one longest duration path from start to end of the project travelling through the network, Carmichael D. (2006, p. 51). This longest path is also known as a critical path driving the project duration and all tasks falling on this path are called critical activities. Any delay which occurs on these critical activities will delay the project completion time as well. The critical path analysis is carried out in three steps. The first step consists of forward pass which calculates the early schedule (earliest start time and earliest finish time of a task). If a schedule activity has two or more predecessors, its early start is governed by the early finish time of the preceding activities whichever is maximum. The second step is the backward pass which calculates the late schedule (latest start and latest finish time of a task). If a schedule activity has one or more successor, its late finish is governed by the late start time of the succeeding activities whichever is minimum. Finally the third step calculates the total float and free float. It is therefore crucial to have dependency between pair of tasks in order to analyze the duration, critical path and critical activities of the project. Critical path helps the project team to complete the project efficiently and on time. Nonetheless critical path is dynamic in nature and changes depending on the progress of work, Furniss B. nd Trauner J. (2010). Constraints Wysocki (2012, pp. 205-209) explains that there are four types of constraints which each one has appropriate area of application 1- Technical constraint This is a dependency in which the successor activity can start with some output of the predecessor activity. According to Wysocki there are four types of dependencies under this technical constraint †¢ Discretionary constraint This is a judgmen t which may be introduced by the project manager to change the dependency between tasks and avoid further risk. Discretionary dependency is often called soft logic, Kerzner H. and Saladis F. (2009, p. 167). †¢ Best-practice constraint This refers to previous experience of the project manager or others in executing similar task to the present. In some circumstance, dependencies which come from past experience are part of risk-aversion. The dependencies vary from industry to industry either to faster production (SS) or to avoid risk (FS- mostly building construction starts after the design is finished) †¢ Logical constraint It is a result of the project manger’s way of thinking or common sense to follow logical sequence between pair tasks in such a way the logic is reasonable and justifiable. †¢ Unique constraint It occurs usually when a specific/critical resource is required for the execution of several tasks. 2- Management constraint This constraint is imposed by the management and dependencies of tasks can be reversed to a better one should the need arise. 3- Interproject constraint My current project is a construction of student accommodation and has a specific requirement for the toilet to be installed in the student rooms. This toilet is called prefabricated bathroom POD which should be manufactured as a complete standalone unit with floor and wall tiles, door, shower tray, water closet (WC), bidet, hand wash basin, mirror, hair drier†¦ off-site. The construction of the pods is a separate project. The pods are, then, transported to the site, lifted with crane and installed in the building. The installation of external masonry blockworks on the main project can only start after the delivery and installation of pod is finished (see attached picture). 4- Date constraint This constraint preset a fixed start or finish date for deliverable to make it happen on a specific date. There are three types of constraints. The first and the most annoying constraint which I exercised on my current project is the ‘on this date’. In order to energize all the utility services and proceed with all subsequent testing and commissioning activities, we (the contractor) needed to know when the power supply will be provided/completed by the client. The client ordered the contractor to submitted programme of work applying a constraint â€Å"on this date† for power-on connection task. We prepared the programme accordingly and highlighted the client that the project will be completed on X date from the day we receive the power-on. Unfortunately the power-on could not happen on the specified date and ALL of our subsequent activities were affected. The sequence of work was totally distorted with difficulties to construe the schedule resulting negative float. ‘No later than’ is the second constraint you can impose on a task to limit the latest finish time it can be finished. This constraint can, as well result negative float. The third constraint is the ‘No earlier than’ which specifies the earliest date a task can be finished but cannot result negative float by itself. Conclusion In general the combination of different dependencies and constraints build the project schedule and form the network diagram which is a tool to understand the sequence of work and critical activities in the project. Carmichel D. (2006) Project Planning and Control London: Taylor Francis Furniss, Brian J. and Trauner, Theodore J. (2010) ‘The Critical Path: Definition vs. Understanding’, Construct, 19(1), [Online]. Available at: http://ehis. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. liv. ac. uk/eds/detail? sid=89b2f511-7e34-41db-8676-5d3f40f45afe%40sessionmgr10vid=1hid=3bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9hAN=52161761 (Accessed: 05 October 2012) Wysocki, R. K. (2012) Effective Project Management: traditional, agile, extreme. 6th edn. Indianapolis: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kerzner, H. and Saladis F. (2009) Project Management Workbook. 10th edn. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. How to cite Task Dependency – Critical Path, Essay examples

The A Bomb Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The A Bomb Essay, Research Paper The A-Bomb The effects of the atomic bomb were awful. There # 8217 ; s no uncertainty in my head that the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a dearly-won error. Atomic bombs produce heat 1000000s of grades high and seeable UV beams. Everyone and everything exposed to their blast is affected. No 1 is left untasted, whether it be emotional or physical ; in many instances both. However, many members of the scientific discipline community argue that the atomic bomb was a great progress in engineering, and see their consequence on Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a scientific experiment. Peoples from the defence section in authorities besides see the bomb as great arms in national defence. When reading my paper, you must make up ones mind for yourself the moral issues involved with utilizing atomic bombs in warfare. The twenty-four hours after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, it rained all twenty-four hours. We will write a custom essay sample on The A Bomb Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rain was pitch black. A immense cloud of dust covered the Sun and made what was left of the metropolis really dark. Recognizing the bombs consequence on clime, a group of scientists came up with the # 8220 ; Nuclear Winter Theory # 8221 ; . Harmonizing to the theory if adequate atomic bombs were exploded in certain country all life in the country would seas to be. However awful the consequence of atomic bombs on places and edifices, what stands out most in my head is the people. On August 6th, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. Although the immediate consequences were dismaying plenty, people had non even begun to recognize the great effects it would hold on worlds in the long term. The immediate effects on Hiroshima’s people were merely a prefiguration of the 1s to come. Thousands of people were killed immediately. Those who survived the initial blast died subsequently from high doses of radiation, which burns off tegument and hair, so finally kills you. With out a uncertainty, the atomic bomb’s consequence on people was by far the worst. Although the authorities has really good grounds for utilizing atomic bombs, it is my personal sentiment that their grounds can neer be good plenty to warrant the lives of 1000000s of guiltless people. I hope that non merely the American people, but all people can larn a lesson from our error with atomic warfare and it # 8217 ; s awful effects on society. Possibly the worst calamity involved with atomic bombs was the loss of 1000s of kids. They were the hereafter, and they had to cover with jobs no kid should of all time hold to confront loss of friends, parents, siblings, and their ain lives. The innovation of the atomic bomb changed the universe and its hereafter forever. Hopefully, we will be able to larn from our past errors to assist forestall this great calamity from go oning one time once more.